雅思阅读

📖 Reading Passage

The concept of sustainable urban development has evolved significantly over the past decades, shifting from a focus on environmental protection to a more integrated approach that balances economic growth, social equity, and ecological resilience. Recent studies highlight that the success of sustainable cities depends not only on green infrastructure but also on community engagement and adaptive governance. For instance, cities that implement participatory budgeting for climate projects often see higher public compliance and long-term maintenance of green spaces. However, critics argue that without addressing underlying inequalities, such initiatives can exacerbate gentrification, displacing low-income residents. Therefore, a truly sustainable urban model must prioritize inclusive decision-making processes, ensuring that marginalized voices are heard in planning and policy implementation.