The concept of 'environmental justice' emerged in the 1980s, driven by evidence that marginalized communities disproportionately bear the burden of pollution and hazardous waste. Scholars argue that this disparity is not accidental but results from systemic inequalities in land-use planning and regulatory enforcement. For instance, studies in the United States have shown that toxic facilities are more likely to be sited in low-income neighborhoods and areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. This pattern persists despite decades of environmental legislation, suggesting that procedural mechanisms alone are insufficient. To address this, advocates propose integrating equity assessments into policy-making and ensuring meaningful public participation from affected groups. Such reforms aim not merely to redistribute risks but to transform the underlying power structures that perpetuate environmental harm.
❓ According to the passage, why do marginalized communities continue to face disproportionate environmental burdens despite existing legislation?
A. Because environmental laws are intentionally biased against these communities.
B. Because procedural mechanisms alone cannot rectify systemic inequalities in decision-making.
C. Because these communities lack the technical expertise to address pollution.
D. Because hazardous facilities are more profitable when located near low-income areas.
✅ Correct Answer
B. B) Because procedural mechanisms alone cannot rectify systemic inequalities in decision-making.