The concept of 'environmental justice' emerged in the late 20th century, primarily in response to the disproportionate burden of pollution and hazardous waste facilities borne by low-income communities and communities of color. Empirical studies have consistently shown that such neighborhoods are more likely to host polluting industries, partly due to historical zoning practices and the relative lack of political influence. However, recent scholarship suggests that the problem is not merely distributive but also procedural, as these communities often face barriers to meaningful participation in environmental decision-making processes. Consequently, advocates argue that achieving environmental justice requires not only the equitable distribution of environmental benefits and burdens but also the empowerment of affected populations to shape policies that affect their environment. This dual focus on outcome and process has broadened the scope of environmental policy analysis, integrating social equity considerations into what was once a purely technical or scientific field.
❓ According to the passage, what is a key limitation of traditional environmental policy analysis that the concept of environmental justice aims to address?
A. It fails to consider the technical aspects of pollution control.
B. It ignores the historical causes of industrial location.
C. It overlooks the need for fair distribution and inclusive decision-making.
D. It focuses too much on empowering local communities.
✅ Correct Answer
C. C. It overlooks the need for fair distribution and inclusive decision-making.
