Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. Professor: Today we're discussing the impact of urban heat islands, a phenomenon where cities are significantly warmer than surrounding rural areas. This occurs because concrete and asphalt absorb and re-radiate heat, while vegetation, which provides shade and releases moisture through transpiration, is often scarce. One major consequence is increased energy consumption for air conditioning, which in turn raises greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, elevated temperatures can worsen air pollution, as heat accelerates the formation of ground-level ozone. To mitigate these effects, cities have started implementing green roofs, planting street trees, and using reflective materials on buildings. However, these strategies can be expensive and require long-term maintenance. Interestingly, studies show that even small parks can create cooler microclimates, benefiting nearby neighborhoods. So, while large-scale solutions are ideal, local efforts also matter. Now, what is the primary cause of the urban heat island effect?
❓ 문제 What is the primary cause of the urban heat island effect, according to the professor?
A. A. Increased greenhouse gas emissions from air conditioning
B. B. The replacement of natural surfaces with heat-absorbing materials
C. C. The lack of wind in densely built areas
D. D. Pollution from vehicles and factories
✅ 정답
B. The replacement of natural surfaces with heat-absorbing materials
TOEFL Listening Tips
Skim the questions first to predict the content
Watch for signal words in lectures and conversations (however, actually, in fact)
For main idea questions, focus on the beginning; for detail questions, focus on examples and data
For attitude questions, pay attention to the speaker's tone and word choice
Take notes on keywords; don't try to write down every word
