Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. The professor is discussing animal communication.
Professor: Today, let's talk about how animals communicate, specifically through chemical signals called pheromones. Many insects, like ants and bees, rely heavily on pheromones to coordinate their activities. For example, when a foraging ant finds food, it leaves a trail of pheromones on its way back to the nest, which other ants can follow. This is a classic example of chemical communication. But pheromones are not just used for navigation. They also play a role in alarm signals. When a bee stings, it releases an alarm pheromone that alerts other bees to defend the hive. Interestingly, some pheromones can even influence development. In honeybees, a pheromone produced by the queen prevents female larvae from becoming queens. However, we should be careful not to overgeneralize. While pheromones are widespread, not all animal communication relies on chemicals. Birds, for instance, primarily use visual and auditory signals. So, while chemical communication is important, it's just one piece of the puzzle in understanding how animals interact.
❓ 문제 What is the main topic of the lecture?
A. A. The role of pheromones in insect navigation
B. B. The various ways animals communicate, with a focus on pheromones
C. C. The differences between bee and ant communication
D. D. The limitations of chemical signaling in birds
✅ 정답
B. The various ways animals communicate, with a focus on pheromones
TOEFL Listening Tips
Skim the questions first to predict the content
Watch for signal words in lectures and conversations (however, actually, in fact)
For main idea questions, focus on the beginning; for detail questions, focus on examples and data
For attitude questions, pay attention to the speaker's tone and word choice
Take notes on keywords; don't try to write down every word
