Аудирование TOEFL

🎧 Транскрипт аудио

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. Professor: Today we're going to talk about urban heat islands, and why cities tend to be warmer than surrounding rural areas. One major factor is the replacement of natural surfaces with materials like concrete and asphalt. These materials absorb and re-emit solar energy more than vegetation does. Another factor is waste heat from buildings, vehicles, and industrial processes. Now, the consequences aren't just discomfort. Higher temperatures can increase energy demand for air conditioning, which, in turn, leads to more greenhouse gas emissions. There's also a public health angle. During heat waves, urban populations are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. So, what can be done? One strategy is to increase green spaces, like parks and green roofs. Another is to use reflective or 'cool' roofing materials that bounce more sunlight back into the atmosphere. These measures can significantly reduce surface temperatures. However, implementing them requires coordination among city planners, architects, and policymakers. It's a complex challenge, but with careful design, we can make our cities more resilient.