การฟัง TOEFL

🎧 บทถอดเสียง

Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class. The professor is discussing the concept of urban heat islands. "Now, urban areas tend to be warmer than the surrounding rural areas. This phenomenon is known as the urban heat island effect. There are several reasons for this. First, buildings and roads made of concrete and asphalt absorb and re-radiate solar energy more effectively than natural landscapes do. Second, urban areas have less vegetation, which means less shade and less cooling through evapotranspiration. Third, waste heat from vehicles, air conditioners, and industrial processes adds extra warmth. Interestingly, the intensity of an urban heat island can vary depending on the size of the city and its weather conditions. For example, on clear, calm nights, the temperature difference between a city and its surroundings can be as much as 10 degrees Celsius. However, on windy or cloudy days, the effect is weaker. Many cities are trying to mitigate this effect by planting trees, using cool roofs, and creating green spaces. These strategies not only reduce temperatures but also lower energy consumption and improve air quality."