In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency to perceive an object only in terms of its most common use, thereby limiting the ability to imagine alternative functions. This cognitive bias can hinder problem-solving, as individuals fail to utilize familiar objects in novel ways. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires a shift in perspective, allowing one to see beyond conventional purposes.
🎧 Listening Lecture
Professor: Let me illustrate with a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so it could burn properly. Many struggled, thinking only of tacking the candle directly to the wall, which didn't work. The solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall as a shelf, and place the candle inside. Those who saw the box solely as a container failed, while those who reconceptualized it as a platform succeeded. This demonstrates how functional fixedness blocks creative solutions when we overlook alternative uses for everyday items.
❓ Question Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFL Speaking Task 3 Rubric
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 Answering Tips
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
🎤 免费 AI 口语评分
基于 2800+ 托福真题评分库 · 无限次免费使用
⚠️ AI 自动评分基于托福官方口语三大维度（Delivery / Language Use / Topic Development）标准开发，结果仅供练习参考。
