In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in its traditional manner. This mental block prevents individuals from seeing alternative uses for familiar items, thereby hindering problem-solving and creativity. When faced with a new challenge, people often fail to recognize that an object can serve a different function beyond its typical purpose. Overcoming functional fixedness requires flexible thinking and the ability to reinterpret objects' potential roles in novel situations.
🎧 듣기 강의
Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic study. Participants were asked to attach a candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. They were given a box of thumbtacks, matches, and a candle. Most people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it—both failed. They saw the box only as a container for thumbtacks. However, the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and place the candle inside. Those who solved it had to overcome functional fixedness—they saw the box not as a holder but as a shelf. This shows how breaking mental habits leads to success.
❓ 문제 Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFL 말하기 평가 기준
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 답변 팁
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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