TOEFL Устная речь Task 3

In biology, the concept of “behavioral thermoregulation” refers to the deliberate actions an animal takes to control its body temperature, which is crucial for survival. Unlike physiological mechanisms, such as shivering or sweating, behavioral strategies involve the animal’s choices about its environment. These choices can include moving to a warmer or cooler location, changing posture to expose more or less body surface to the sun, or altering activity patterns to avoid extreme temperatures. This adaptive behavior helps maintain optimal body temperature, allowing the animal to function efficiently and conserve energy, especially in habitats with fluctuating thermal conditions.

Professor: Let’s look at a clear example—the desert lizard. In the morning, the desert is cool, so the lizard emerges from its burrow and lies on a sun-warmed rock. It flattens its body to maximize the surface area exposed to the sun, absorbing heat to raise its body temperature. But by midday, the ground gets scorching hot. If the lizard stayed on the rock, it would overheat. So, it changes behavior: it moves into the shade of a bush or a crevice in the rocks, and it lifts its body off the hot sand by standing on its toes, allowing air to flow beneath. It may also become less active during the hottest hours. By choosing these positions and times, the lizard keeps its body temperature within a safe range, avoiding both overheating and excessive cooling, which lets it hunt and digest food effectively.