托福口语 Task 3

The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency of individuals to perceive objects only in terms of their typical or intended functions, which limits their ability to use objects in novel ways to solve problems. This cognitive bias often prevents creative problem-solving because people fail to see alternative uses for familiar items. Overcoming functional fixedness requires mental flexibility and the ability to reframe an object's purpose based on the demands of a new situation.

Professor: So, let me give you a classic example from a study. Participants were asked to mount a candle on a wall so that it could burn properly. They were given a box of tacks, a candle, and a match. Most people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it, but they failed. The solution was to empty the tack box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and place the candle inside it. Why did so many fail? Because they saw the box only as a container for tacks, not as a potential shelf. That's functional fixedness. Once they realized the box could serve a different purpose, the problem was solved easily.