In psychology, the concept of 'learned helplessness' refers to a condition in which an individual, after repeatedly experiencing uncontrollable negative events, begins to believe that their actions have no effect on outcomes. As a result, they stop trying to change their situation, even when opportunities for relief become available. This passive behavior is learned through past failures, not innate traits.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you a classic example from a famous experiment. Researchers placed dogs in a chamber with an electrified floor. In the first phase, the dogs could not escape the shocks, no matter what they did. After several trials, they stopped resisting and just lay down, whimpering. In the second phase, the researchers added a low barrier that the dogs could easily jump over to escape the shock. But instead of jumping, the dogs remained passive, not even attempting to cross the barrier. They had learned that escape was impossible, so they gave up. This shows how learned helplessness can generalize to new situations, even when the environment has changed and escape is actually possible.
❓ 質問 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of learned helplessness.
📊 TOEFLスピーキング評価基準
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 解答のヒント
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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