The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. When faced with a problem, individuals often fail to see alternative functions for familiar objects, which hinders creative problem-solving. This mental set can be overcome by consciously thinking about an object's properties rather than its usual purpose.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic psychology experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a matchbox, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they saw the box only as a container for tacks. But the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall, and use it as a platform for the candle. Those who succeeded had overcome functional fixedness by reimagining the box's purpose. The key was focusing on its flat, sturdy surface rather than its role as a holder.
❓ 質問 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFLスピーキング評価基準
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 解答のヒント
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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