Social loafing is a phenomenon in which individuals exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. This reduction in motivation often occurs because individuals feel their contributions are less identifiable or less critical to the overall outcome. Social loafing can lead to decreased group productivity and lower quality of work, especially when tasks are simple or when group members believe others will compensate for their lack of effort.
🎧 Bài giảng
Professor: Let me give you an example from my own research. I asked a group of students to participate in a rope-pulling task. Each student was blindfolded and asked to pull a rope as hard as they could. First, I measured their individual pulling strength. Then, I told them they were part of a team and asked them to pull together, but I didn't tell them that the other team members were actually confederates who were not pulling. Interestingly, when the students believed they were pulling in a group, they pulled about 20% less hard than when they pulled alone. They later told me they felt less responsible for the outcome because they thought others would also pull. This clearly demonstrates social loafing in a physical task.
❓ Câu hỏi Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of social loafing.
📊 Tiêu chí chấm TOEFL Speaking Task 3
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 Mẹo làm bài
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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