In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. This mental block prevents individuals from seeing alternative uses for familiar objects, thereby hindering problem-solving. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires creative thinking and the ability to break away from conventional assumptions about an object's function.
🎧 듣기 강의
Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn properly without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled. They tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it, but nothing worked. The solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and place the candle inside. The participants failed because they saw the box only as a container for tacks, not as a potential shelf. This illustrates functional fixedness—they were stuck on the box's usual function as a holder, blocking the creative solution.
❓ 문제 Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFL 말하기 평가 기준
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 답변 팁
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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