The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. This mental block prevents individuals from seeing alternative uses for familiar objects, thereby hindering problem-solving and creativity. Functional fixedness is often cited in psychology as a barrier to innovation, as people become 'fixed' on the typical function of an item and fail to repurpose it for novel solutions.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me illustrate this with a classic experiment. In the study, participants were given a candle, a box of thumbtacks, and a book of matches. Their task was to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled. They tried to melt wax to stick the candle, or tack the candle directly, but nothing worked. The solution was to empty the tack box, tack it to the wall, and use it as a platform for the candle. The problem was that participants saw the box only as a container for tacks, not as a potential shelf. They were functionally fixed on the box's typical purpose. Once they overcame that mental block, the solution was simple.
❓ 質問 Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFLスピーキング評価基準
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 解答のヒント
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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