Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone. This phenomenon occurs because individuals feel less accountable for the final outcome and believe their personal contribution is less identifiable. Research shows that social loafing can reduce group productivity and morale, as some members rely on others to carry the workload. Understanding this concept is important for designing effective teamwork strategies.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you an example from a study I conducted with my students. I asked them to form groups of four and work on a project to design a marketing campaign for a local business. Each group had to submit one final proposal. I noticed that two students in one group did most of the work, while the other two contributed very little. When I interviewed the less active students, they said they felt their ideas wouldn’t be individually recognized anyway, so they didn’t see the point of working hard. Interestingly, when I later asked the same students to complete a similar task individually, they put in much more effort and produced higher-quality work. This clearly illustrates the concept.
❓ 質問 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of social loafing.
📊 TOEFLスピーキング評価基準
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 解答のヒント
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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