托福口语 Task 3

In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in its traditional manner, preventing them from seeing alternative uses. This mental block can hinder problem-solving because individuals fail to recognize that an object can serve multiple functions beyond its typical purpose. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires creative thinking and a shift in perspective, allowing for novel solutions to emerge.

Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a match, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it. But the solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and place the candle inside it. The key was to see the box not just as a container for thumbtacks but as a potential shelf. Those who overcame functional fixedness realized the box could serve a completely different purpose, solving the problem easily.