In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in its traditional manner, preventing them from seeing alternative uses. This mental block can hinder problem-solving because individuals fail to recognize that an object can serve multiple functions beyond its typical purpose. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires creative thinking and a shift in perspective, allowing for novel solutions to emerge.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a match, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it. But the solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and place the candle inside it. The key was to see the box not just as a container for thumbtacks but as a potential shelf. Those who overcame functional fixedness realized the box could serve a completely different purpose, solving the problem easily.
❓ 質問 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFLスピーキング評価基準
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 解答のヒント
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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