托福口语 Task 3

The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency of individuals to perceive objects only in terms of their typical or intended functions, thereby limiting their ability to use them in novel ways to solve problems. This cognitive bias can hinder creativity and problem-solving because the person overlooks alternative uses for familiar items. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires a deliberate shift in perspective or a prompt that encourages thinking beyond conventional associations.

Professor: Now, consider a classic experiment. Participants were given a candle, a box of tacks, and a book of matches. Their task was to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they saw the box only as a container for tacks. However, those who succeeded realized they could empty the box, tack it to the wall as a platform, and melt wax to secure the candle onto it. The key was to view the box not as a storage item but as a potential shelf. Once they broke free from its typical function, the solution became clear. This illustrates how functional fixedness can block problem-solving until we reframe an object's use.