The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, thereby hindering creative problem-solving. When individuals encounter a novel problem, they often fail to see alternative functions for familiar objects because their minds are 'fixed' on the object's conventional purpose. This mental block can prevent them from finding innovative solutions, even when those solutions are readily available.
🎧 듣기 강의
Professor: To illustrate functional fixedness, let me tell you about a classic experiment. Participants were given a candle, a box of thumbtacks, and a book of matches. Their task was to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn properly without dripping wax on the floor. Many participants tried to melt the candle and stick it to the wall, or tack the candle directly—but none of these worked. The solution was to empty the thumbtack box, tack it to the wall, and use it as a platform for the candle. However, most people failed because they saw the box only as a container for thumbtacks, not as a potential shelf. Their functional fixedness blinded them to the box's alternative use as a support.
❓ 문제 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFL 말하기 평가 기준
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 답변 팁
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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