The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. When faced with a problem, individuals often fail to see alternative uses for familiar objects, thereby hindering creative problem-solving. This mental block can be overcome by consciously redefining the object's potential functions, which is a key aspect of innovative thinking.
🎧 การบรรยาย
Professor: So, let me give you an example from a classic study. Participants were given a candle, a box of tacks, and a book of matches, and were asked to attach the candle to the wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it, but these failed. The key was to realize that the tack box itself could serve as a platform. They needed to empty the box, tack it to the wall, and place the candle inside. The problem was that participants saw the box only as a container for tacks, not as a potential shelf. Once they overcame that mental block, they solved it easily. This illustrates functional fixedness perfectly.
❓ คำถาม Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 เกณฑ์การให้คะแนน TOEFL Speaking Task 3
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 เคล็ดลับ
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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⚠️ AI 自动评分基于托福官方口语三大维度（Delivery / Language Use / Topic Development）标准开发，结果仅供练习参考。
