The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. This mental block prevents individuals from imagining alternative uses for familiar objects, thereby hindering problem-solving and creativity. Functional fixedness occurs when the intended function of an item is so strongly ingrained that it overshadows other potential applications, making it difficult to see novel solutions to challenges.
🎧 듣기 강의
Professor: Let me give you an example from a classic psychology experiment. Participants were given a box of thumbtacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they only saw the thumbtack box as a container for tacks. However, the solution was to empty the box, tack it to the wall, and place the candle inside. Those who succeeded had to overcome functional fixedness by realizing the box could serve as a platform, not just a holder. Once they saw the box differently, the problem became easy. This shows how breaking free from traditional uses can lead to creative solutions.
❓ 문제 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness and how it affects problem-solving.
📊 TOEFL 말하기 평가 기준
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 답변 팁
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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