In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used, thereby preventing them from imagining alternative functions. This mental block can hinder problem-solving, as individuals fail to see novel uses for familiar items. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires a conscious effort to think creatively and break away from conventional associations.
🎧 Listening Lecture
Professor: Let me illustrate this with a classic experiment. Participants were given a box of tacks, a candle, and a book of matches, and asked to attach the candle to the wall so it could burn without dripping wax on the floor. Many struggled because they fixated on the box as just a container for tacks. However, those who succeeded realized they could empty the box, tack it to the wall, and use it as a platform for the candle. The key was seeing the box not as a holder, but as a shelf. This shows how breaking free from typical uses can lead to solutions.
❓ Question Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFL Speaking Task 3 Rubric
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 Answering Tips
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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⚠️ AI 自动评分基于托福官方口语三大维度（Delivery / Language Use / Topic Development）标准开发，结果仅供练习参考。
