In psychology, the concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. When people experience functional fixedness, they fail to see alternative or novel uses for familiar objects, which can hinder problem-solving. This mental set often arises because past experiences and habitual ways of interacting with objects create a rigid framework, making it difficult to think creatively when faced with a new challenge.
🎧 การบรรยาย
Professor: Now, let me give you a classic example from a study. Participants were given a box of tacks, a candle, and matches, and asked to attach the candle to a wall so that it could burn properly. Many people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall, but the candle was too thick. Others tried to melt the wax with matches, but that didn't work either. The solution was to empty the box, tack the box to the wall, and place the candle inside it. Those who failed were stuck because they saw the box only as a container for tacks, not as a platform. They were fixated on its usual function. Once they realized the box could serve as a shelf, the problem was solved easily.
❓ คำถาม Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 เกณฑ์การให้คะแนน TOEFL Speaking Task 3
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 เคล็ดลับ
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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⚠️ AI 自动评分基于托福官方口语三大维度（Delivery / Language Use / Topic Development）标准开发，结果仅供练习参考。
