The concept of 'functional fixedness' refers to the tendency of individuals to perceive objects only in their conventional or typical uses, thereby limiting their ability to think of novel applications for those objects. This cognitive bias can hinder problem-solving, as people fail to see alternative functions for familiar items. Overcoming functional fixedness often requires a deliberate shift in perspective, allowing one to consider an object's properties beyond its usual purpose.
🎧 リスニング講義
Professor: Let me give you a classic example from a study. Participants were asked to attach a candle to a wall using only a box of tacks and matches. Most people tried to tack the candle directly to the wall or melt wax to stick it, but they failed. The key insight was that the box—which normally held the tacks—was not seen as a potential platform. However, participants who emptied the box and tacked it to the wall as a shelf, then placed the candle on it, succeeded. The box's usual function as a container blinded them. Once they saw it as a flat surface, the problem was solved. This perfectly illustrates functional fixedness.
❓ 質問 Question: Using the example from the lecture, explain the concept of functional fixedness.
📊 TOEFLスピーキング評価基準
Delivery: Fluency, pronunciation, intonation
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, sentence variety
Topic Development: Accurately explain the reading concept and restate the lecture examples
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-4, scaled to 30). 30s preparation, 60s response.
💡 解答のヒント
Note the core concept definition from the reading (usually 1-2 sentences)
Record 1-2 specific examples the professor uses in the lecture
Start with the concept definition, then explain with lecture examples
Use template phrases: "The reading defines... The professor illustrates this by..."
Keep within 60s; ensure clarity and fluency
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