托福口语 Task 4

Today we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in biology called 'mimicry', where one species evolves to resemble another. There are two main types: protective mimicry and aggressive mimicry. Protective mimicry is when a harmless species imitates a dangerous one to avoid predators. For example, the monarch butterfly is toxic to birds, so birds avoid eating it. The viceroy butterfly, which is not toxic, has evolved to look almost identical to the monarch. This resemblance significantly reduces the viceroy's chance of being attacked. On the other hand, aggressive mimicry is when a predator or parasite imitates a harmless species to lure its prey. Take the anglerfish, for instance. It has a fleshy growth on its head that wiggles like a small worm. When smaller fish come close to eat the 'worm', the anglerfish snaps them up. So, mimicry is a remarkable adaptation that serves different survival purposes.