托福口语 Task 4

Today we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in biology called 'mimicry'. Specifically, I want to focus on how certain harmless species have evolved to imitate dangerous ones as a survival strategy. This is called 'Batesian mimicry'. The key point is that by looking like a harmful species, the harmless one gains protection from predators who have learned to avoid the dangerous model. Let me give you two clear examples. First, consider the scarlet king snake. It is non-venomous, but its coloring—bright red, yellow, and black bands—closely resembles the venomous coral snake. Predators like birds avoid it because they associate those colors with danger. Second, there is a type of clearwing moth that mimics a wasp. The moth has transparent wings and yellow and black stripes on its body, making it look like a stinging wasp. Even though the moth cannot sting, its appearance alone deters birds and other predators. So in both cases, the mimic gains protection without having the actual defense mechanism.