托福口语 Task 4

Today we're going to talk about a fascinating survival strategy in the animal kingdom: camouflage. But not just any camouflage—I'm focusing on what we call 'disruptive coloration.' This is when an animal has bold, contrasting patterns that break up its outline, making it harder for predators to recognize it as a single object. Let me give you two examples. First, consider the zebra. Its black-and-white stripes might seem obvious, but in a herd, they create a confusing visual effect—predators like lions find it hard to single out one zebra because the stripes blur together, especially when the herd moves. Second, think of the peppered moth. Before the Industrial Revolution, these moths were light-colored with dark speckles, blending with lichen-covered trees. But as pollution darkened the trees, a dark variant emerged. The dark spots and patches on their wings broke up their shape against the sooty bark, so birds couldn't detect them easily. In both cases, disruptive coloration serves as a powerful defense.