托福口语 Task 4

Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating phenomenon in animal behavior called 'tool use.' Now, you might think tool use is unique to humans, but many animals actually use objects to help them solve problems. However, the key point is that tool use isn't always instinctive—sometimes it's learned through observation and experience. Let me give you two examples. First, consider the sea otter. Sea otters float on their backs and use rocks to crack open shellfish. They place the rock on their chest, hold the shell in their paws, and smash it against the rock. Interestingly, young otters don't automatically know this technique. They watch their mothers and practice repeatedly until they master it. Second, think about the New Caledonian crow. These crows are famous for crafting hooks from twigs to extract insects from tree bark. They trim leaves and twigs to make a hook, then insert it into holes. But here's the thing—not all crows do this the same way. Young crows learn specific techniques from their social group, and regional differences exist, proving that this is learned behavior passed down culturally.