托福口语 Task 4

Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in animal behavior called 'tool use.' While many people think tool use is unique to humans, it actually appears in various species. However, the key point is that tool use in animals serves different purposes and arises from different levels of cognitive complexity. Let me give you two examples to illustrate this. First, consider the sea otter. Sea otters float on their backs and use rocks to crack open shellfish. They place the rock on their chest and smash the shell against it. This behavior is learned from their mothers and is essential for their survival. Second, think about the New Caledonian crow. These crows are known for their remarkable ability to craft tools from twigs and leaves. They don't just use found objects; they actually shape them, creating hooks to extract insects from tree bark. This demonstrates a much higher level of problem-solving and innovation. So, while both animals use tools, the crow's behavior shows more advanced cognitive planning compared to the otter's, which is more instinctual and learned.