托福口语 Task 4

Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in biology known as 'behavioral adaptation.' Specifically, I want to focus on how some animals have evolved to use tools in ways that go beyond simple feeding—they use them to solve complex problems. One classic example is the sea otter. Sea otters float on their backs and use rocks to crack open shellfish. But here's the interesting part: they don't just pick any rock. They choose a rock that fits their paw perfectly, and they often keep it stored in a pouch under their arm for repeated use. This shows planning and selection, not just instinct. Another example is the New Caledonian crow. These crows make hooks from twigs to extract insects from tree bark. They even modify the shape of the twig if the first one doesn't work. This demonstrates problem-solving and innovation, as they adjust their tools based on immediate feedback. These examples illustrate that tool use in animals is not merely a fixed behavior but involves cognitive flexibility and learning.