托福口语 Task 4

Today, we're going to talk about a fascinating concept in biology called 'mimicry'. Specifically, I want to focus on a type called 'aggressive mimicry', where a predator or parasite mimics a harmless or attractive signal to lure its prey. The main point is that aggressive mimicry is a highly effective hunting strategy because it exploits the prey's natural responses. Let me give you two examples. First, consider the anglerfish. It lives in the deep, dark ocean where food is scarce. The female anglerfish has a glowing lure that dangles in front of its mouth. This light attracts small fish and shrimp, which think it's a tasty snack. When they get close, the anglerfish snaps them up. Second, think of the orchid mantis. This insect has evolved to look exactly like a pink orchid flower. It sits on a plant, and unsuspecting pollinators like bees and butterflies land on it, thinking it's a real flower. The mantis then grabs and eats them. In both cases, the predator uses a false signal to trick its prey into coming within striking distance.