The rapid expansion of urban areas has led to a growing interest in vertical farming—the practice of growing crops in stacked layers within controlled environments. Proponents argue that vertical farming offers a sustainable solution to food production challenges. First, vertical farms use significantly less water than traditional agriculture. By employing hydroponic systems that recirculate water, these farms can reduce water usage by up to 90%, a critical advantage in regions facing water scarcity. Second, vertical farming eliminates the need for pesticides and herbicides. Because crops are grown indoors in sterile conditions, pests and weeds are largely absent, resulting in safer, chemical-free produce. Third, vertical farms can be located in urban centers, drastically reducing transportation distances. This not only lowers carbon emissions from shipping but also ensures fresher produce reaches consumers, reducing food waste. Overall, vertical farming appears to be a viable path toward more efficient and environmentally friendly agriculture.
🎧 听力讲座
🎯 模拟考试环境：先点「播放讲座」听完内容，再作答。听力原文默认隐藏。
While the reading presents an optimistic view of vertical farming, several critical flaws undermine its claims. First, the purported water savings are often offset by the massive energy requirements of these facilities. Vertical farms rely on artificial lighting, climate control, and sophisticated irrigation systems, all of which demand substantial electricity. In many regions, this energy comes from fossil fuels, leading to higher carbon emissions than traditional farming when considering the full lifecycle. Second, the claim that vertical farms are pesticide-free is misleading. Although they reduce external pests, the dense, humid conditions can promote fungal diseases and infestations from internal sources. Consequently, operators frequently use fungicides and other chemicals, which may be as harmful as traditional pesticides. Third, the advantage of urban proximity is diminished by the high construction and operational costs of vertical farms. These expenses translate into premium prices for produce, making it inaccessible to low-income communities. Moreover, the energy and infrastructure required to build such facilities often negate any environmental benefits from reduced transportation. Thus, vertical farming is not the panacea the reading suggests.
📝 คำแนะนำการเขียน Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they cast doubt on the specific points made in the reading passage.
📊 TOEFL Integrated Writing Rubric
Content Accuracy: Accurately capture the relationship between lecture and reading
Information Completeness: Cover all key counter-arguments from the lecture
Structure & Coherence: Logical organization and progression
Language Use: Grammar, vocabulary, expression accuracy
Scored 0-30 based on holistic scoring (original 0-5, scaled to 30).
